Laws for Gases and Liquids | all laws for gases and liqud

Laws of thermodynamics 

Zeroth law of thermodynamics ; The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third one, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. 

1st law of Thermodynamics - The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.

Example;

The change in Internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus work done by the system

ΔU = Q – W

limitations of the first law of Thermodynamics;

No restrictions on direction of heat flow. 

It doesn't tell about the feasibility(?) Of a reaction. 

To overcome these limitations another law is needed 2nd law;

It helps us to predict whether the reaction is feasible or not and also tell the direction of the flow of heat.

It also tells that energy cannot be completely converted into equivalent work

 2nd law of thermodynamics - There are two statements of      second law of thermodynamics. 

•    Kelvin plank statement
•    Celsius statement 

The Kelvin-Planck statement is: “it is impossible for any Machine operates in a cycle that receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work.”

i.e It is impossible to convert all heat energy into work. Some amount of heat goes waste. ( example - Engine) 

Clausius statement: “It is impossible to construct a device that operates in cycle and can transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir without some other effect on its environment.

3rd law of thermodynamics - The entropy(what is entropy) of a system is zero or approaches a constant value on absolute temperature( zero kelvin) 

Newton's law of Motion ;

1st law - It's also called law of inertia according to this law An object at rest or an object at motion stays in the same condition unless a external force is applied on it. 

2nd law - According to this law Force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration

    

F=ma

This Law also says that the greater the mass of the object being accelerated, the greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the object. 

3rd Law - To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction. 

4rth Law - Newton's Law of gravitation is called Newton's fourth law. It states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

 Pascal's law for Liquids 

Pascal's law states that a pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and the walls of the container. 

i. e from getting toothpaste out of a tube, applying the brakes on a car.

Avagadro's law;

Avogadro's law, a statement that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules

Archimedes's principle;

For liquids The buoyant force is the directly equal to the displaced liquid. 

P-v & T-s Diagrams concepts ;

P-V diagram 

It's important to find out the work.We have 

# W= f*d 

P = F/A=F/a*b ; F= P*a*b

Now, 

W = P*(abc) = PV

T-s diagram 

dS=dQ/dT

dQ = dS*dT = T-s 

Supplied heat = entropy *temperature 

Bonus ;

 What is feasibility? 

• For a reaction to be feasible at a given temperature, it must happen spontaneously, which means no extra energy needs to be put in for the reaction to occur. 

Thanks for reading

 

our other articles are ;

• Smokes of vehicle
• EGR works
• tappet settings need
• Facts about Indian Railways