100 unique facts about Indian Railways:

1. Indian Railways is the fourth largest railway networks in the world, covering over 68,000 route kilometers.
2. The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Mumbai) and Thane on April 16, 1853.
3. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) in Mumbai is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most iconic railway stations in India.
4. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the "Toy Train," is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist attraction in West Bengal.
5. The Vembanad Rail Bridge in Kerala is India's longest rail bridge, spanning over 4.62 km.
6. India's highest railway station is Ghum, located at an altitude of 7,407 feet in West Bengal.
7. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway in Tamil Nadu is the only rack railway in India, using a toothed rack rail to climb steep gradients.
8. Indian Railways operates luxury tourist trains like the Palace on Wheels and Maharajas' Express, offering a royal experience to travelers.
9. The Lifeline Express, also known as the "Magic Train of India," is a hospital on wheels that provides medical services in rural areas.
10. The Vivek Express, running between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari, is India's longest train route, covering over 4,273 km.
11. The Rajdhani Express and Shatabdi Express are two of the fastest trains in India, known for their speed and comfort.
12. Indian Railways introduced its first air-conditioned train, the Shatabdi Express, in 1988.
13. The Konkan Railway, connecting Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka, is one of the most scenic rail routes in India.
14. The Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IRIMEE) in Jamalpur is the world's oldest railway training institute, established in 1888.
15. India's first metro rail system started operating in Kolkata in 1984.
16. The Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) is one of the largest e-commerce websites in India, handling millions of bookings daily.
17. Indian Railways carries over 23 million passengers and 3 million tons of freight daily.
18. Indian Railways employs over 1.3 million people, making it one of the largest employers in the world.
19. The Howrah Junction in Kolkata is one of the busiest railway stations in India, handling a massive volume of passengers daily.
20. The Delhi Junction (Old Delhi Railway Station) is one of the oldest railway stations in India, built in 1864.
21. Indian Railways has a special "Ladies Special" coach reserved exclusively for women on many trains.
22. The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai is one of the largest coach manufacturing units in the world.
23. The Mumbai Suburban Railway, also known as the "Local," is one of the busiest urban rail systems globally, carrying millions of commuters daily.
24. The Samjhauta Express connects India and Pakistan, running between Delhi and Lahore.
25. The Indian Railways has a vast network of heritage railways and narrow-gauge lines in different regions.
26. The Jammu and Kashmir Railway, also known as the "Kashmir Railway," is a major engineering project that connects the Kashmir Valley to the rest of India.
27. Indian Railways' mascot is "Bholu," an elephant symbolizing strength and reliability.
28. The Royal Orient Express, modeled after the famous European luxury train, operated in India from 1994 to 2009.
29. The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) project aims to introduce India's first bullet train.
30. The Maitree Express connects Kolkata and Dhaka, Bangladesh, promoting friendly relations between the two countries.
31. The Rock Garden Express, running between Howrah and New Jalpaiguri, is known for its scenic beauty.
32. India's first monorail system started operating in Mumbai in 2014.
33. Indian Railways has been using solar energy to power railway stations and trains, reducing its carbon footprint.
34. Indian Railways operates the famous luxury trains, Deccan Odyssey and Golden Chariot, to promote tourism in South India.
35. The Indrail Pass allows foreign tourists to travel on Indian Railways for a specific duration at a fixed price.
36. The Konkan Railway's Mandovi Express offers breathtaking views of Dudhsagar Falls in Goa.
37. The Himalayan Queen, running between Kalka and Shimla, offers spectacular views of the Shivalik Hills.
38. The India-Bangladesh train, Bandhan Express, connects Kolkata and Khulna.
39. The Tejas Express is India's first semi-high-speed train, running between Mumbai and Goa.
40. The Darbhanga Express is one of the longest-running train services in India, connecting Darbhanga in Bihar and Jalandhar in Punjab.
41. Indian Railways has started installing automatic coach washing plants to save water and improve cleanliness.
42. The Indian Railways' Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO) develops and tests various railway technologies and designs.
43. The Palace on Wheels, a luxury tourist train, was inspired by the personal railway coaches used by the erstwhile Indian royalty.
44. The Indian Railways website and mobile app provide online booking and other passenger services.
45. The Indian Railways has introduced bio-toilets in trains to reduce pollution and improve sanitation.
46. India's first luxury tourist train, the Palace on Wheels, was launched in 1982.
47
. The iconic Howrah Bridge in Kolkata serves as a vital link between the city and the Howrah Junction.
48. Indian Railways' Mumbai-Delhi Rajdhani Express is one of the fastest trains in India, with an average speed of over 85 km/h.
49. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway uses the Abt rack and pinion system to climb steep slopes.
50. The Indian Railways' budget is presented separately from the Union Budget of India.
51. The Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station in Delhi is named after the famous Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya.
52. India's longest train route, the Vivek Express, runs between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari, covering a distance of 4,273 km.
53. Indian Railways introduced the "Garib Rath" trains to provide affordable AC travel for the masses.
54. The Rajdhani Express connects major cities with the national capital, Delhi, providing fast and comfortable travel.
55. The Indian Railways runs several luxury tourist trains like the Maharajas' Express, offering travelers a taste of royal hospitality.
56. India's first metro rail system, Kolkata Metro, started with a 3.4 km line in 1984.
57. Indian Railways operates a special train, the "Bharat Darshan," which takes tourists on a package tour of popular destinations across India.
58. Indian Railways manufactures electric locomotives at the Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) in West Bengal.
59. The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is famous for its scenic views and toy train experience.
60. Indian Railways launched the "Sampoorna Kranti Express," India's first Rajdhani Express, in 1969.
61. The Indian Railways' suburban rail network is essential for daily commuting in major cities like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
62. The "Vivek Express" is named in honor of Swami Vivekananda, the famous Indian philosopher and spiritual leader.
63. The Indian Railways has a "Tatkal" booking system for last-minute travelers, providing immediate reservation on payment of an additional fee.
64. The "Garib Rath" trains have predominantly three-tier AC coaches, making them economical for budget-conscious travelers.
65. The Indian Railways started operating its first freight train in 1950.
66. The Bilaspur-Manali-Leh rail line, when completed, will be one of the highest railway lines in the world.
67. The Golden Chariot train offers luxury travel to popular tourist destinations in Karnataka, including Hampi and Mysore.
68. The Shatabdi Express was introduced to provide fast and comfortable travel on short to medium-distance routes.
69. Indian Railways' Mumbai-Pune Deccan Queen was India's first superfast train, introduced in 1930.
70. The Indian Railways runs "Samprak Kranti" trains to provide fast and convenient connectivity between cities.
71. Indian Railways launched the "Duronto Express" as non-stop point-to-point trains, reducing travel time between major cities.
72. The Indian Railways introduced the "Kisan Rail" to transport perishable goods like fruits and vegetables.
73. India's first metro rail system, Kolkata Metro, started operations with only one line, connecting Esplanade and Bhowanipore.
74. The Gatiman Express, India's fastest train, runs between Delhi and Agra, covering the distance in under two hours.
75. The Indian Railways uses Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) trains for efficient suburban rail services.
76. The Konkan Railway route passes through picturesque landscapes, including the Western Ghats and pristine beaches.
77. Indian Railways' freight services transport goods like coal, iron ore, petroleum products, and agricultural produce.
78. The "Lifeline Express" hospital on wheels provides medical services to rural areas where healthcare facilities are limited.
79. The "Rajdhani Express" trains are named after the capital cities of various states.
80. The Indian Railways' Northern Frontier Railway operates the world's highest railway bridge, the Chenab Bridge, in Jammu and Kashmir.
81. The "Garib Rath" trains have dynamic pricing, which means the fares fluctuate based on demand.
82. Indian Railways' Kangra Valley Railway connects Pathankot to Joginder Nagar, passing through beautiful valleys and terraced fields.
83. The Mumbai Local trains, part of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, are known as the "lifeline" of the city.
84. The Indian Railways' Konkan Railway is known for its many tunnels and bridges that traverse challenging terrain.
85. Indian Railways operates the "Humsafar Express," providing comfortable AC travel for long-distance journeys.
86. The "Prayagraj Express" was named after Allahabad, which is now known as Prayagraj.
87. Indian Railways has a dedicated railway museum called the "National Rail Museum" in New Delhi.
88. The Indian Railways' Metro rail systems operate in various cities, including Delhi, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chennai.
89. The "Rajdhani Express" trains connect Delhi to cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai.
90. The "Shatabdi Express" trains have a limited number of stops, ensuring fast travel between major cities.
91. Indian Railways' diesel locomotives are manufactured at the Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi.
92. The Indian Railways runs the "Himalayan Queen" train, offering stunning views of the Himalayan mountains.
93. Indian Railways has introduced dynamic pricing for some premium trains, where ticket prices increase as the date of travel approaches.
94. The Kolkata Metro was the first metro rail system to be operational in India.
95. The "Garib Rath" trains have fewer amenities compared to other premium trains, focusing on affordability.
96. The Indian Railways' Vande Bharat Express is the country's first indigenous semi-high-speed train.
97. The "Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express" connects New Delhi to Dibrugarh in Assam.
98. Indian Railways' North East Frontier Railway operates the Lumding-Silchar section, which is one of the most challenging rail routes in India.
99. The Indian Railways' WAP-7 locomotives are used for high-speed trains.
100. The luxury tourist train "Deccan Odyssey" offers a luxurious journey through Maharashtra's popular tourist destinations.

These facts highlight the diversity, historical significance, and technical achievements of the vast Indian Railways network, which plays a crucial role in India's transportation and connectivity.